Вариант 1
I.Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием - s:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1.Man began to study plants many hundred years ago.
2.Ann’s father works as a driver.
3.We can find Shakespeare’s plays in many libraries of our town.
4.The students’ academic year begins in October.
5.All farmers of this country have comfortable apartments.
II.Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным (см. образец выполнения к упр. 2)
1.There are many elements which are essential for normal plant growth and development.
2.The breaking down of water molecules into ions is known as ionization.
3.The harmful soil organisms do much damage to the young plants.
4.Veterinarians are the specialists who develop livestock breeds.
5.We were to find ways to reduce air and water pollution.
III.Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.
1.The Baltic Sea is colder than the Black Sea.
2.I think football is less dangerous than boxing.
3.Kate is as lazy as her brother.
4.In the Eastern part of Britain most farms are arable.
5.The hotter is the weather in autumn the better is the harvest of vegetables.
IV.Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на местоимения.
1.I quite agree with him.
2.What has happened?
3.Did you go anywhere yesterday?
4.I went to the post office and bought some stamps and envelops.
5.You can get these books at any library.
V.Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальные глаголы или их эквиваленты. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1.Не must be in a library now.
2.He may be busy.
3.We shall be allowed to stay at home.
4.Who is to take care of the children?
5.She can translate this article without a dictionary.
VI.Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму (см. образец выполнения к упр. 6).
1.Plants grow everywhere in the world.
2.We had studied the material before we began to work in the laboratory.
3.They were reading journals on an interesting problem of genetics.
4.New robots will appear for work on fields.
5.Most cultivated plants originated from the wild ones.
VII.Перепишите следующие предложения и поставьте к ним общие вопросы (см. образец выполнения к упр. 7). Переведите предложения в вопросительной форме.
1.They had finished the construction of this stadium.
2.He will come tomorrow.
3.My best friends live in our town.
4.We answered all the questions.
5.He has been trying to get you on the phone for 2 hours.
VIII.Перепишите следующие предложения и поставьте к ним специальные вопросы (см. образец выполнения к упр. 8). Переведите предложения в вопросительной Форме.
1.Не will return from Kiev in June. (when?)
2.She translated these articles last week. (what? when?)
3.He bought some books. (how many?)
IX.Перепишите и письменно переведите тест на русский язык.
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE
For hundreds of thousands of years, prehistoric people lived by hunting, fishing, and gathering wild plants. Then about 8000 B.C., people took the first steps toward agriculture. Some tribes discovered that plants could be grown from seeds. They also learned that certain animals could be tamed and then raised in captivity. These two discoveries marked the beginning of the domestication of plants and animals. Scholars believe that domestication began in the Middle East and then spread to surrounding areas. People who fanned no longer had to travel in search of food
The first great civilizations arose in two regions of the Middle East. One region was the Nile River Valley of Egypt. The other was Mesopotamia. Both regions had fertile soil, but neither received enough rain for crops to grow. Farmers discovered, however, that they could raise crops during most of the year if they used river water for irrigation. By about 3000 B.C., Egyptian and Mesopotamian farmers had developed the world’s first large-scale irrigation systems and had invented a plow that oxen could pull.
The Roman Empire began as a country of small farms on the Italian peninsula before 500 B.C. By the A.D. 200s the Romans had developed new farming methods, e.g. systems of crop rotation. The selective breeding of plants and livestock began in Europe during Roman times, too.
During the Middle Ages European farmers invented a three-field system of crop rotation during the Middle Ages. In many areas it replaced the Roman two-field system. On most European farms horses gradually replaced oxen as the chief source of power. Many special-purpose livestock breeds were developed.
The European voyages of discovery that began in the 1400s greatly affected agriculture throughout the world. In various parts of the Americas Indian farmers grew cocoa beans, corn, peanuts, peppers, rubber trees, squash, sweet potatoes, tobacco, and tomatoes. Europeans first learned of these crops, and how best to grow them, from the Indians. The Europeans, in turn, brought their seeds, livestock, and farming tools and methods to the regions they explored and settled.
During the early 1700s, a great change in farming called the Agricultural Revolution began in the United Kingdom. By the mid-1800s, it had spread throughout much of Europe and North America. The Agricultural Revolution was brought about mainly by three developments. They were (1) improved crop-growing methods, e.g. a four-field rotation system; (2) advances in livestock breeding by means of developing new, better breeds; and (3) the invention of new farm equipment, such as the seed drill, the cotton gin, the harvester, the thresher and the steel plow.
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